ABSTRACT
Objetivo. Caracterizar la tendencia de la mortalidad por cáncer en Chile según diferencias por nivel educacional en el período 2000-2010 en la población mayor de 20 años. Métodos. Cálculo de las tasas de mortalidad específica por cáncer ajustadas por edad para diferentes niveles educacionales (NE), para el período 2000-2010. Las tasas obtenidas se analizaron con un modelo de regresión de Poisson, calculando el índice de desigualdad relativa (IDR) y el índice de desigualdad de la pendiente (IDP) para cada año. Resultados. Se registraron 232 541 muertes por cáncer en el período 2000-2010. Los tipos de cáncer más frecuentes fueron de mama, estómago y vesícula biliar en mujeres; y estómago, próstata y pulmón en hombres. Las tasas de mortalidad por cáncer estandarizadas por edad fueron mayores en los NE más bajos, excepto para el de mama en mujer y el de pulmón en hombres. Las mayores diferencias se encontraron en el de vesícula biliar en mujeres y el de estómago en hombres, con mayores tasas de mortalidad específica de hasta 49 y 63 veces respectivamente, para NE bajo respecto al NE alto. Entre 2000 y 2010, las diferencias en mortalidad por NE se redujeron para todos los cánceres combinados en ambos géneros, mama en mujeres, y pulmón y estómago en hombres. Conclusiones. Durante el período estudiado, la mortalidad por cáncer en Chile estuvo fuertemente asociada al NE de la población. Esta información debe ser considerada al definir estrategias nacionales para reducir la mortalidad específica por cáncer en los grupos más desprotegidos.
Objective. Characterize the trends in mortality from cancer in Chile according to differences in educational level in the period 2000-2010 in the population over 20 years of age. Methods. Calculation of specific mortality from cancer, age-adjusted for different educational levels, for the period 2000-2010. The obtained rates were analyzed using a Poisson regression model, calculating the relative inequality index and the slope index of inequality for each year. Results. 232 541 deaths from cancer were reported in the period 2000-2010. The most frequent types were breast, stomach, and gallbladder cancer in women; and stomach, prostate, and lung cancer in men. Age-standardized mortality from cancer was greater in the lower educational levels, except for breast cancer in woman and lung cancer in men. The greatest differences were found in gallbladder cancer in women and stomach cancer in men, with specific mortality rates up to 49 and 63 times higher, respectively, for low educational levels compared to higher ones. Between 2000 and 2010, the differences in mortality by educational level were smaller for all cancers combined in both genders, for breast cancer in women, and for lung and stomach in men. Conclusions. During the period studied, mortality from cancer in Chile was strongly associated with the educational level of the population. This information should be considered when designing national strategies to reduce specific mortality from cancer in the most vulnerable groups.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bronchial Diseases , Bronchography/methods , Radiographic Image Enhancement/methods , Radiography, Thoracic/methods , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Diagnosis, DifferentialABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the difference in the degree of collateral ventilation between canine and swine models of bronchial obstruction could be detected by using xenon-enhanced dynamic dual-energy CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight mongrel dogs and six pigs underwent dynamic dual-energy scanning of 64-slice dual-source CT at 12-second interval for 2-minute wash-in period (60% xenon) and at 24-second interval for 3-minute wash-out period with segmental bronchus occluded. Ventilation parameters of magnitude (A value), maximal slope, velocity (K value), and time-to-peak (TTP) enhancement were calculated from dynamic xenon maps using exponential function of Kety model. RESULTS: A larger difference in A value between parenchyma was observed in pigs than in dogs (absolute difference, -33.0 +/- 5.0 Hounsfield units [HU] vs. -2.8 +/- 7.1 HU, p = 0.001; normalized percentage difference, -79.8 +/- 1.8% vs. -5.4 +/- 16.4%, p = 0.0007). Mean maximal slopes in both periods in the occluded parenchyma only decreased in pigs (all p < 0.05). K values of both periods were not different (p = 0.892) in dogs. However, a significant (p = 0.027) difference was found in pigs in the wash-in period. TTP was delayed in the occluded parenchyma in pigs (p = 0.013) but not in dogs (p = 0.892). CONCLUSION: Xenon-ventilation CT allows the quantification of collateral ventilation and detection of differences between canine and swine models of bronchial obstruction.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Airway Obstruction/diagnostic imaging , Bronchial Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Bronchography/methods , Disease Models, Animal , Pulmonary Ventilation/physiology , Respiration , Swine , Tomography, Spiral Computed/methods , XenonABSTRACT
Anomalies of the bronchial tree may cause recurrent acute pulmonary infection and persistent obstruction symptoms. The developmental anomalies of the bronchial tree were presented mostly as case reports with an accompanying anomaly. However in this study, these anomalies were detected in multidetector computerized tomography (MDCT) images which have no reported pathology. Thoracic MDCT images of 400 patients (0-74 years old, 224 male and 176 female) were evaluated. Four tracheal bronchus (1percent) were detected. Three of them were displaced type, one of them was pig bronchus. And two accessory cardiac bronchus (0,5 percent) originated from medial wall of the intermediate bronchus were detected. According to our findings, incidence of tracheal bronchus and accessory cardiac bronchus seems to be higher in Turkish population.
Las anomalías del árbol bronquial pueden causar una infección pulmonar aguda recurrente y síntomas de obstrucción persistente. Las anomalías del desarrollo del árbol bronquial se presentan principalmente como informes de casos con una anomalía de acompañante. Sin embargo, en este estudio se detectaron estas anomalías en las imágenes de tomografía computarizada multidetector (TCMD), donde no se habían informado esta patología. Se evaluaron las imágenes de TCMD torácica de 400 pacientes (0-74 años, 224 hombres y 176 mujeres). Se detectaron cuatro bronquios traqueales (1 por ciento). Tres de ellos fueron de tipo desplazado, uno fue tipo bronquio de cerdo, y dos bronquio cardiaco accesorio (0,5 por ciento), originados de la pared medial del bronquio intermedio. De acuerdo con nuestros resultados, la incidencia de bronquio traqueal y bronquios cardiacos accesorios parecen ser mayor en la población turca.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Bronchography/methods , Bronchi/abnormalities , Multidetector Computed TomographyABSTRACT
Fibrous tumours arising entirely within the substance of the lung are rare. We report one such rare case in whom the diagnosis was established after surgical removal.
Subject(s)
Adult , Biopsy, Fine-Needle , Bronchography/methods , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Solitary Fibrous Tumors/diagnosis , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methodsABSTRACT
El secuestro pulmonar forma parte de un espectro de anomalías congénitas denominadas malformaciones broncopulmonares y del intestino anterior. Una adecuada evaluación preoperatoria es aconsejable para evitar complicaciones intraoperatorias. Se caracterizaron las variantes del secuestro pulmonar a partir de conceptos actuales sobre la embriología, etiología, anatomía vascular, topografía, anatomía patológica, diagnóstico y alternativas terapéuticas.
Lung sequesters takes part of a congenital anomalies spectrum known as broncopulmonary and of the anterior intestine. It is advised an adequate presurgery evaluation to avoid intrasurgery complications. The variants of the lung sequester were characterized on the basis of the current concepts of embryology, aetiology, vascular anatomy, topography, pathologic anatomy, diagnosis and therapeutic alternatives.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bronchopulmonary Sequestration , Ultrasonography , Digestive System Abnormalities , Respiratory System Abnormalities , Bronchography/methodsABSTRACT
A total of 4000 patients with radiological findings suspicious of bronchogenic carcinoma were bronchoscoped using the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope. At bronchoscopy, an intrabronchial tumour was seen in 2900 patients and other findings suggestive of malignancy were seen in 712 patients. The rest of patients showed no bronchoscopic evidence of malignancy. Positive pathological results were obtained in 96% of the first group and in 70% of cases in the second group. The study proved that flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope is an efficient and safe diagnostic tool on early detection of bronchogenic carcinoma
Subject(s)
Humans , Bronchoscopy/methods , Bronchography/methods , Biopsy , /methodsABSTRACT
Um grupo de 812 pacientes foi submetido a broncografia por variante técnica (broncografia percutânea transtraqueal), desenvolvida pelos autores. Eles descrevem a rotina do método, enfatizando a alta freqüência de resultados satisfatórios (96,55%), assim como os acidentes e as aplicaçöes da técnica. Casos ilustrativos säo relatados
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Bronchiectasis , Bronchography/methodsABSTRACT
Um grupo de 812 pacientes foi submetido a broncografia por variante técnica (broncografia percutânea transtraqueal - BPT), desenvolvida pelos autores. Eles descrevem a rotina do método, enfatizando a alta freqüência de resultados satisfatórios (96,55%), assim como os acidentes e as aplicaçöes da técnica. Casos ilustrativos säo relatados